Angus fougere



5o which it is designed to bear, said loclrL is deinVentiOn, such aswill enable others skilled to a torsional lock for bolts which can beemv the torsional lock to cross the threads of the L UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.

ANGUs EOUGEEE, vOE MONCTON, CANADA, AssIcNOE To RICHMOND H. CUsHINor ANDJOSEPH A. HARRIS, OE sAME PLACE.

Nur-LOCK;

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters atent No. 522,937, cated' July Io,1894.

Application sied october z2, 1891,

To a/ZZ whom i may concern:

Be it known that I, ANGUs FOUGRE, a subeIect of the Queen of GreatBritain, residing at Moncton, in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lock-Nuts or Nut-Locks; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same.

Thenature of the present invention relates bodied either in aself-locking nut adapted to hold itself in position on the bolt andagainst the surface upon which it bears, or in an elastic yielding plateor washer adapted to be screwed upon the bolt, eXteriorly to the primarynut, `and designed to bear upon the bolt-threads and upon said primarynut tof secure a compound frictional contact tl1erewith, which resultsare due, first, to the increased friction attained between the lock andthe surface against which the lock bears, and, second, to the tendencyof the threads in bolt, whereby a strong torsional resistance isproduced between the lock and the surface upon which it bears, and tothe grip upon the bolt-threads, so that the lock must remain immovableupon the bolt, but at the same time a yielding tension is provided forthe elastic torsional lock, which yielding of the elastic lock is verydesirable in all cases Where machinery is subjected to jars or bolts areliable to work loose in sh-plates of rails.

The torsion lock when embodied in the form of the elastic plate orwasher resembles, somewhat, the device patented to me February 10, 1891,o. 465,094, but in the present improvemen I contemplate making atorsional lock w th a concavity on its inner side or base which bearsagainst the work, and formingin the lock threadswhich are cut with theiraxes oblique to theraxis of said torsional lock, so that,`when the lockis screwed on the bolt, it will assume a diagonal position to thelongitudinalr axis of the bolt, and as it is screwed home against thesurface upon flected from its diagonal position to a straight positionparallel to and tightly against the Serial No. 409,512. (No model.)

or case of the lock is causedto spread or open v out as the frictionalcontact between the lock and the metallic surface is increased, that isto say, while the outer edges of the lock and its lower or innerthreads,`are caused to spread at, the concaved baseorinner side of ,thelock, the Outer and upper threads thereof will be compressed and drawntogether tightly against the threads of the bolt; and, inthe secondplace, to produce a co pound fricor base Of the lock and the surface onwhich it bears, which is due to the diagonal threads in the lock, whichthreads `cause the lock to assume the inclined position on the bolt onwhich the lock is screwed, thus bringing one edge of the lockirst incontact with the metallic surface, andas the lock is screwed homeagainst said surface, to deliect the lock from its initial diagonalposition to a position at right angles to the bolt-axis and parallelwith "the surface on which the lock bears, thereby causing thelock-threads to bind still more tightly and secure for the device anincreased frictional pressure.

When the lock is made in the form of the elastic plate or washer, itpossesses the desirable quality, in addition to that of being immovablyfastened in place, of alfording a torsional spring resistance which isvery desirable in all cases where machinery is subjected to jars or thebolts are liable to work loose in fish-plates of rails, dro.

t A nut designed to lock itself on the bolt tional contact between theconcave inner side i and against a metallic surface is made so'mewhatthicker and stronger than the elastic 'p `yielding plate or washer,which latter device is designed to fasten a primary nut 5 butboth theseIfJOcking nut and the plate or washer embodying my improvement-s canbe used on the same bolt to lock the nut itself on said bolt, or theycan be used in connection with a primary nut where greater strength andIco length of thread are required for the bolt, as the improvedself-locking nut acts as a very powerful and effective jam-nut.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specication,Fignresl, 2 and 3 are Views showing the bolt in elevation, the line of thesurface against which the nut bears, and the different positions of theselflocking nut when it is first applied to the 1o bolt, when partlyscrewed up against the lnetallic surface or work, and its final positionwhen screwed home and deflected parallel to the surface of the work.Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are elevations of the bolt and primary nut withSectional views of the elastic yielding plate zo against the nut.

or washer showing, respectively, the positions sald Washer or plateassumes as fitted on the bolt, partially screwed against the primarynut, and its final position when screwed home 3o novel features areembodied in a self-locking n ut shown by Figs. l, 2 and 8, and in anelastic y1eld1ng plate or washer shown by Figs. 4, 5 and 6.

In Figs. l, 2 and 3, A is the lock-nut em- 3f5 bodying the improvements,which lock-nut is designed to be screwed on the threaded part of thebolt, B, and to bear against the metalllc surface or work, C, or againstwhat Y i is the equivalent of saidrmetallic surface, the

i 4c primary nut, D, as shown by Fig. 7.

In'Figs. 4, 5, and l6, the lock is shown at F, and 1t is made in theform of an elastic spring plate or washer, threaded as described, toscrew on the bolt, B, and bear against the work, which in this instance,is the primary n ut, D, on the -boltB; or, as in Fig. 7, the elast1cwasher may be screwed home against the lock-nut, A, the latter in thisinstance serving as a powerful jam-nut.

In Figs, 1, 2 and 3, the lock-nut, A, is made of suitable thickness, andit may be madev of the same metal as ordinary nuts, Swedish iron beingfound suitable for spreading and compressing the nut and its threads.This locknut has a concavity, c, formed on its inner side or base, andin the bolt-hole, b, of said nut is formed the thread, c, which is cutwith its axis oblique to the axis of the lock-nut. As the nut is tted onthe bolt, it assumes a 6o diagonal position to the longitudinal axis ofthe bolt, and as the nut is screwed against the surface, C, the edge, d,Yof the nut Yfirst contacts with the surface C on one side of the bolt,see Fig. 2. Force is applied to the 55 nut to causeit to turn on thebolt-threads and screw said nut tightly against the surface, C,

until the nut assumes a position parallel to Fig. 7 is a view showingthe` the surface, C, and at right angles to the bolt; and as the nut isthus deflected from its diagonal position to a parallel position, itsinner concaved side is flattened or spread out so that its edges bind,as at o, o, in Fig. 3, against the work, while its outer part, at thecenter, is depressed, as at 71, fi, in Fig. 3, thereby causing the outerthreads to cross and lock with` the threads of the bolt, whereby thenut, A, is caused to tightly lock itself against the surface or Work, C.

In Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the elastic plate or washer, F, is made thinnerthan the lock-nut, A, and I prefer to make it of a piece of comsilientto give the desired flexibility to the comparatively thin washer orplate while it retains the advantages of the thicker nut which maycontain more threads than the elastic plate. This elastic plate is madeconcavo-convex in form to provide the concavity, a, on the inner side orbase thereof, and in itslbolt-hole, b, is cut one or more threads, c,

f said threads being cut with their axes oblique to the axis of theelastic plate. The elastic plate, F, when fitted on the bolt, assumesthe diagonal position shown by Fig. 4, and its edge, f, first contactswith the nut, D, .when the plate, F, is screwed far enough on the boltto be brought against the nut. As force is applied to the locking plate,F, it yields or gives until both of the edges, at the inner base sidethereof, contact with the nut, D, and its center is depressed,as shownby Fig. 6, the dotted lines indicating the initial position of thewasher. This spring plate thus secures a compound frictional contactwith the nut, and its threads cross and lock with yielding plate it isnot my intention to de` lect or bend the bolt in anyway. This purposehas been accomplished by other devices than mine where it has been theavowed and manifest purpose to rely solely upon detlect- Y ing orbending the bolt, in which case a much thicker and heavier nut isrequired than I employ. On the contrary, this deflection of the bolt iswhat I seek to avoid and at the same time obviate any effect that wouldtend to rupture or destroy the threads on the bolt or in the lock, sothat my device can be readily taken off by a quick movement of thewrench and used again it' required, which removal would be a verydifficult and tedious operation if-the bolt had to be irst straightaened. i

'Ihe yielding` concave-convex plate orl washer may have a few threadsformed diagonally therein, just sufficient to cross and lock with thethreads of the bolt, and I may here observe ythat the'inclined threadsin this mon mild steel which I find is sufficiently re- IOO 105 thebolt-.threads5but inV addition to Y holding Y yielding concave-convexplate may produce a slightly different result than in the thickerconcaved lock-nut as there will be a somewhat differentmovement at thebase when the screw pressure is applied. The thicker lock-nut willspread more and so compress more threads of the bolt while the thinplate will yield at its outer edges but its center will move forwardtoward the primary nut, giving more spring resistance with theproportionate compression, the slight inclination of the threads tocross greatly assisting the tightening process.`

In practice, the nut, A, is used as a self-locking nut, while thecomparatively thin concaveconvex plate, F, containing afew threads, buthaving a flexible yielding quality, adapts itself better as a nut lock,to be applied eX- teriorly to a primary nut.

My improvements are especially applicable y to the various forms oflocks herein shown,

but they can be used on other forms of nuts.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A torsion lockhavng the threads cut with their axes oblique to theaxis of said lock, and provided with a concavity, regular in form,extending from edge to edge thereof in its inner side or base, wherebythe inner concave side or base of the lock is adapted to first contactwith one side of a primary nut or other surface and produces a bindingfriction upon the threads of the bolt, and this frictional contact isincreased by the compression ofthe upper threads in said torsion lock asthe concave surface ofthe lock is spread or flattened against a primarynut or other surface, without deflecting the bolt, substantially in themanner and for the purposes specified.

2. The combination with a bolt and a primary nut, of a concave-convexyielding plate or washer having a thread cut therein with its axisoblique to the axis of said plate or washer and fitted on the `boltexteriorly to the 45 primary nut thereon, saidplate or washer, whenscrewed home against said primary nut, being deflected from its initialdiagonal position on the bolt by contact with said nut and bearingagainst the same with increased torsional spring contact, the base ofsaid plate or washer being thereby spread or flattened and its outerthreads being caused to bind forcibly against the threads of the bolt,substantially as set forth.

3. The combination with a bolt, and a primary nut or equivalent surface,of a torsion lock provided with a concavity on its inner side or baseand with threads cut with their axes oblique to the axis of the lock,said torsion lock being screwed 011 the bolt and having its concaveinner side iiattened or spread by pressure against the nut or equivalentsurface and with its outer threads crossed or locked with the threads ofthe bolt, whereby the frictional contact is increased between the lockand the surface against which it eX- erts pressure by the resistance ofthe crossed threads in the lock and on the bolt, substantially asdescribed.

Il. As an article of manufacture, a torsion lock provided with a concaveinner side or base and with a threaded bolthole, said threads being eutwith their axes oblique to the axis of the torsion lock, substantiallyas described, for the purposes set forth.

5. As a new article of manufacture, a tor sion lock comprising anelastic concave-con- Vex plate provided with threads cut with their axesoblique to the axis of the torsion-lock, substantially as described, forthe purposes set forth.

, In testimony whereof I aiix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

l ANeUs retienen.

Witnesses:

GEORGE McDoNALD, ALEXR. FRASER.

